Contrasts the foreign policy approaches of the three Progressive-era presidents: Roosevelt's 'Big Stick' Diplomacy, Taft's 'Dollar Diplomacy,' and Wilson's 'Moral Diplomacy.'
What was Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy maxim, often summarized as 'Big Stick' diplomacy?
'Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.' It meant that the U.S. should pursue diplomatic solutions but have a strong military (especially a navy) to back up its interests.
What was the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?
It was an extension of the Monroe Doctrine stating that the U.S. would act as an 'international police power' to intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations to prevent European intervention and maintain regional stability.
How did the United States secure the rights to build the Panama Canal?
After Colombia rejected a U.S. treaty to build the canal, Roosevelt supported a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia. Once independent, Panama granted the U.S. control of the Canal Zone.
What was the purpose of the 'Great White Fleet's' world tour from 1907-1909?
Roosevelt sent the new, modern U.S. naval fleet on a global tour to demonstrate America's growing military power and naval capabilities—a clear example of 'Big Stick' diplomacy.
Define William Howard Taft's 'Dollar Diplomacy'.
Taft's policy focused on using American private investment and financial loans to increase U.S. influence and promote stability abroad, particularly in Latin America and East Asia, substituting 'dollars for bullets'.
What was the primary goal of Woodrow Wilson's 'Moral Diplomacy'?
Wilson's policy aimed to base U.S. foreign relations on moral principles. He sought to promote democracy, human rights, and national integrity, and opposed non-democratic or imperialistic governments.
How did Wilson's intervention in Mexico exemplify the challenges of 'Moral Diplomacy'?
Wilson refused to recognize the government of military dictator Victoriano Huerta. His attempts to guide the Mexican Revolution led to U.S. military intervention, including the occupation of Veracruz, which was met with fierce Mexican resistance.
What was the 'Open Door Policy' regarding China, first articulated by Secretary of State John Hay?
It was a U.S. policy calling for all nations to have equal trading rights in China. It also urged that the territorial integrity of China be respected, aiming to prevent the country from being carved into colonies.
