Two, providing equal representation for every state regardless of its population.
How long is the term of office for a U.S. Senator?
Six years (6).
What are the three constitutional qualifications to be a U.S. Senator?
Must be at least 30 years old, a U.S. citizen for at least 9 years, and a resident of the state they represent.
Why are Senate terms staggered?
So that only about one-third of the Senate is up for re-election every two years. This ensures continuity and stability, making it a 'continuous body'.
Who is the official presiding officer of the Senate according to the Constitution?
The Vice President of the United States.
When is the only time the Vice President can vote in the Senate?
Only to break a tie vote.
Who presides over the Senate in the Vice President's absence?
The President pro tempore, who is traditionally the longest-serving senator of the majority party.
What is the Senate's power of "advice and consent"?
The power to approve or reject major presidential appointments (like cabinet secretaries, ambassadors, federal judges) and to ratify treaties negotiated by the President.
What is the Senate's role in the impeachment process?
The Senate acts as the jury in an impeachment trial. A two-thirds vote is required to convict and remove an official from office.
A two-thirds vote in the Senate is required for what two key actions?
To convict an official in an impeachment trial and to ratify treaties with foreign nations.
What is a filibuster?
A procedural tactic unique to the Senate where a senator attempts to delay or block a vote on a bill by extending debate, often by speaking at great length.
What is cloture?
The procedure used to end a filibuster. It requires a supermajority vote of at least 60 senators.
How were U.S. Senators originally chosen before the 17th Amendment?
They were chosen by the state legislatures, not by direct popular vote.
What change did the 17th Amendment (1913) make?
It established the direct election of U.S. Senators by the popular vote of the people in each state.
