The Judicial Branch (Courts): Powers and Structure
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What is the primary function of the Judicial Branch?
To interpret the nation's laws and administer justice. It resolves disputes and determines if laws are consistent with the Constitution.
What is the highest court in the Judicial Branch?
The U.S. Supreme Court.
What is "judicial review"?
The power of the courts to examine the actions of the legislative and executive branches and determine whether such actions are consistent with the Constitution.
Which landmark Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison (1803).
How long is the term for a federal judge, including Supreme Court justices?
They hold their offices during "good Behaviour," which is effectively a life term, protecting them from political pressure.
Currently, how many justices serve on the U.S. Supreme Court?
Nine justices (1 Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices).
What are the two main types of courts in the U.S. judicial system?
Federal courts and state courts.
What is the basic structure of the federal court system, from lowest to highest?
U.S. District Courts (trial courts), U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals (first level of appeal), and the U.S. Supreme Court (final level of appeal).
The authority of a court to hear a case for the first time is known as what?
Original jurisdiction.
The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts is known as what?
