What fundamental right did the 19th Amendment secure for women?
It secured women's right to vote, also known as women's suffrage.
When was the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified?
It was ratified on August 18, \(1920\).
What is the key clause of the 19th Amendment?
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex."
Why was the 19th Amendment often called the "Susan B. Anthony Amendment"?
Because the text of the amendment was based on a proposal she and Elizabeth Cady Stanton had championed, which was first introduced to Congress in \(1878\).
Which U.S. President was in office when the 19th Amendment was ratified?
Woodrow Wilson.
What is the process for ratifying a constitutional amendment in the U.S.?
It must be proposed by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress and then ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states (\(36\) states at the time).
After the 19th Amendment was ratified, were all women in the U.S. able to vote freely?
No. In practice, many women of color, especially African American women in the South, were prevented from voting by poll taxes, literacy tests, and violent intimidation.
What major piece of federal legislation was passed decades later to enforce voting rights for all citizens?
The Voting Rights Act of \(1965\), which outlawed the discriminatory voting practices that had disenfranchised many minority voters.
